Audi A6 Typ 4G: A/C System Operation
General Information
The temperature in the passenger compartment depends on the amount of heat radiated through the windows and conducted by the metal parts of the body. In hot weather it is possible to achieve a more comfortable temperature for the passengers by pumping off some of the heat.
As heat spreads into cooler areas, the passenger compartment is equipped with a unit for generating low temperatures. In the unit, refrigerant is constantly evaporated. The heat required for this is extracted from the air flowing through the evaporator.
After absorbing heat, the refrigerant is pumped off through the compressor. The action of the A/C compressor increases the heat content and temperature of the refrigerant. Its temperature is then substantially higher than that of the surrounding air.
The warm refrigerant flows to the condenser. There, the refrigerant dissipates its heat through the condenser to the surrounding air due to the temperature difference between the refrigerant and air.
The refrigerant thus acts as a heat transfer medium. As it is to be reused, the refrigerant is returned to the evaporator.
For this reason all air conditioning systems are based on the refrigerant circulation principle. There are however differences in the combination of aggregates.
Comfort
Being comfortable while driving leads to better concentration and safe driving. Air conditioning makes drivers and passengers more comfortable when temperatures or humidity are high. While opening the windows or sunroof or increasing the air flow can make vehicle occupants more comfortable, it also exposes them to more noise, draughts, exhaust, pollen and dust.
A well-designed heating and air conditioning system can increase comfort by controlling the temperature, humidity and air flow inside the vehicle. This is done both when the vehicle is moving and when it is stationary.
Air conditioning also offers these advantages:
- It cleans the air that enters the vehicle interior. The damp fins on the evaporator collect dust and pollen, which is then removed by condensation.
- Temperatures in a mid-size vehicle (for example: after a short drive, outside temperature 30 ºC (86 ºF) in the shade and the vehicle exposed to sunlight).
Environmental Information
Since roughly 1992, the air conditioning systems of newly manufactured cars have been successively converted to refrigerant R134a. This refrigerant does not contain chlorine and does not deplete the ozone layer.
Until roughly 1992, refrigerant R12 was used for air conditioning systems. Due to its chlorine atoms, this CFC has a high potential for depleting the ozone layer as well as a tendency to increase the greenhouse effect.
Conversion programs are available for old existing systems filled with the ozone-depleting substance R12. Refer to Repair Manual for A/C Systems with Refrigerant R12 (this repair manual is only available in hard copy).
The greenhouse potential of R134a (Global Warming Potential = GWP) is approximately 1400, for this reason the European commission has committed that from 01/01/2017 no vehicles with this can newly be brought into the market. Refer to → Chapter "Refrigerant R134a Environmental Information". For this reason from 2016 for new vehicles a refrigerant with a GWP smaller than 150 in introduced (for example the refrigerant R1234yf with a GWP less than 5).
For environmental protection reasons, refrigerants must not be released into the atmosphere. For laws and regulations. Refer to → Chapter "Laws and Regulations".
General Safety Precautions
- As per VBG 20, German industrial liability insurance association.
- Pay attention to the workshop-specific instructions. It should be kept in the workshop.
Product Characteristics
Refrigerants used in motor vehicle air conditioning systems belong to the new generation of refrigerants based on chlorine-free, partially fluorinated hydrocarbons (H-FKW, R134a).
With regard to their physical properties, these are refrigerants which have been liquefied under pressure. They are subject to the regulations governing pressure containers and use is only to be made of approved and appropriately marked containers.
Compliance with specific conditions is required to ensure safe and proper use.
